Why ISRO Plans to Assemble Chandrayaan-4 Mission in Space

Chandrayaan-4, India’s next Moon mission, will showcase ISRO’s new in-space assembly techniques to overcome payload limitations. The mission will collect lunar samples and return them to Earth, marking a significant step toward landing an Indian on the Moon by 2040. Two LVM3 rockets will carry and assemble the spacecraft in space.

India’s Chandrayaan-4 Moon mission will feature an innovative approach, with scientific instruments assembled in space, marking a significant advancement in Indian space technology. This method, adopted by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), aims to overcome payload limitations, demonstrating cost-effective solutions for future space missions. The mission is a key step toward ISRO's goal of landing an Indian on the Moon by 2040.

Chandrayaan-4, announced in September 2024, will consist of five modules—Propulsion, Ascender, Descender, Transfer, and Re-entry Modules—launched separately by two LVM3 rockets. After launch, these modules will be assembled in space using complex docking maneuvers. This will enable advanced lunar sample collection and safe return of lunar materials to Earth, a significant milestone for India’s space ambitions. The mission’s modular design not only enhances efficiency but also reduces overall costs.

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ISRO's new techniques will allow for future missions to go beyond current payload restrictions, leading to advanced interplanetary exploration. The Chandrayaan-4 mission is expected to be completed in 36 months with a budget allocation of ₹2104.06 crore.