Jallikattu:-

On 18th of May, 2023, the Supreme Court of India upheld the constitutional validity of the amendments made to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA Act) by the State of Tamil Nadu. The case has been titled, "Animal Welfare Board of India and ors vs Union of India and ors."

Stand of The Supreme Court: Animal Protection not Important?

The Supreme Court said that the Tamil Nadu government's actions of amending the PCA Act only reduce the suffering of animals, mostly cattle in the sport of Jallikattu and related events. The sport can be allowed to continue in compliance with the measures in the act.

Applying the Doctrine of Pith and Substance, the Supreme Court held, "Incidental impact may fall upon certain types of bulls affecting agricultural activity but it is referable, in pith and substance, to Entry 17, List III of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India."

Background of The Judgment

The Supreme Court in 2014 had pronounced a judgment which banned bull-taming sports like Jallikattu in the state. In pursuance to this judgment, the Tamil Nadu Jallikattu Regulation Act of 2009 (TNJR Act) was struck down since it regulated the practice of Jallikattu. However, later on, the Tamil Nadu government reintroduced another legislation, the PCA Act to regulate the sport for the implementation of which the Supreme Court has now shown a green signal.

Besides approving Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu, the Supreme Court also approved the practice of "Kambala and bull Cart racing in Karnataka and Maharashtra." It held that none of these articles violated the heart of the Indian Constitution, Articles 14 and 21.

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